Lifestyle and Environmental Issues

A woman’s health prior to pregnancy is vital. It is important that she be aware that her lifestyle and environment may affect the development of her baby.

Some of the risks associated with lifestyle and environment include:

• Dietary supplementation with folic acid and iodine
• Effective hydration and food hygiene
• Exposure to radiation such as X-rays
• Exposure to heat and humidity
• Alcohol intake
• Smoking
• Recreational drugs
• Exposure to chemicals in the environment and workplace
• Intense physical activity

These exposures may affect a baby’s growth and development, the chance for premature birth and a child’s ability to learn. For example, supplementation of diet with vitamins such as folic acid both before and during a pregnancy, can reduce the chance of spina bifida occurring in a baby.

Women may seek support to reduce their smoking or intake of alcohol.

Awareness of these issues may help a woman plan for a safer pregnancy. Importantly, some of these issues need to be addressed before a pregnancy.